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╘╚┼ ╒╬┴┬╧═┬┼╥'╙ ═┴╬╔╞┼╙╘╧ --
"╔NDUSTRIAL ╙OCIETY & ╔TS ╞UTURE".

[╨ART ╧NE OF ╙EVEN,
╨ARAGRAPHS 001-044]

╞OR THE ╞├ ┬RIGADE.

╙ECTION 1: ╔╬╘╥╧─╒├╘╔╧╬

001. ╘HE ╔NDUSTRIAL ╥EVOLUTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES HAVE BEEN A
DISASTER FOR THE HUMAN RACE. ╘HEY HAVE GREATLY INCREASED THE
LIFE-EXPECTANCY OF THOSE OF US WHO LIVE IN "ADVANCED" COUNTRIES, BUT
THEY HAVE DESTABILIZED SOCIETY, HAVE MADE LIFE UNFULFILLING, HAVE
SUBJECTED HUMAN BEINGS TO INDIGNITIES, HAVE LED TO WIDESPREAD
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUFFERING (IN THE ╘HIRD ╫ORLD TO PHYSICAL SUFFERING AS
WELL) AND HAVE INFLICTED SEVERE DAMAGE ON THE NATURAL WORLD. ╘HE
CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY WILL WORSEN THE SITUATION. ╔T
WILL CERTAINLY SUBJECT HUMAN BEINGS TO GREATER INDIGNITIES AND
INFLICT GREATER DAMAGE ON THE NATURAL WORLD, IT WILL PROBABLY LEAD TO
GREATER SOCIAL DISRUPTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUFFERING, AND IT MAY
LEAD TO INCREASED PHYSICAL SUFFERING EVEN IN "ADVANCED" COUNTRIES.

002. ╘HE INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM MAY SURVIVE OR IT MAY BREAK
DOWN. ╔F IT SURVIVES, IT ═┴┘ EVENTUALLY ACHIEVE A LOW LEVEL OF PHYSICAL
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUFFERING, BUT ONLY AFTER PASSING THROUGH A LONG AND
VERY PAINFUL PERIOD OF ADJUSTMENT AND ONLY AT THE COST OF PERMANENTLY
REDUCING HUMAN BEINGS AND MANY OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS TO ENGINEERED
PRODUCTS AND MERE COGS IN THE SOCIAL MACHINE. ╞URTHERMORE, IF THE
SYSTEM SURVIVES, THE CONSEQUENCES WILL BE INEVITABLE: ╘HERE IS NO WAY
OF REFORMING OR MODIFYING THE SYSTEM SO AS TO PREVENT IT FROM DEPRIVING
PEOPLE OF DIGNITY AND AUTONOMY.

003. ╔F THE SYSTEM BREAKS DOWN THE CONSEQUENCES WILL STILL BE VERY
PAINFUL. ┬UT THE BIGGER THE SYSTEM GROWS THE MORE DISASTROUS THE RESULTS
OF ITS BREAKDOWN WILL BE, SO IF IT IS TO BREAK DOWN IT HAD BEST BREAK
DOWN SOONER RATHER THAN LATER.

004. ╫E THEREFORE ADVOCATE A REVOLUTION AGAINST THE INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM.
╘HIS REVOLUTION MAY OR MAY NOT MAKE USE OF VIOLENCE: IT MAY BE SUDDEN
OR IT MAY BE A RELATIVELY GRADUAL PROCESS SPANNING A FEW DECADES. ╫E
CAN'T PREDICT ANY OF THAT. ┬UT WE DO OUTLINE IN A VERY GENERAL WAY THE
MEASURES THAT THOSE WHO HATE THE INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SHOULD TAKE IN
ORDER TO PREPARE THE WAY FOR A REVOLUTION AGAINST THAT FORM OF SOCIETY.
╘HIS IS NOT TO BE A ╨╧╠╔╘╔├┴╠ REVOLUTION. ╔TS OBJECT WILL BE TO
OVERTHROW NOT GOVERNMENTS BUT THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
BASIS OF THE PRESENT SOCIETY.

005. ╔N THIS ARTICLE WE GIVE ATTENTION TO ONLY SOME OF THE NEGATIVE
DEVELOPMENTS THAT HAVE GROWN OUT OF THE INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL
SYSTEM. ╧THER SUCH DEVELOPMENTS WE MENTION ONLY BRIEFLY OR IGNORE
ALTOGETHER. ╘HIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT WE REGARD THESE OTHER
DEVELOPMENTS AS UNIMPORTANT. ╞OR PRACTICAL REASONS WE HAVE TO
CONFINE OUR DISCUSSION TO AREAS THAT HAVE RECEIVED INSUFFICIENT
PUBLIC ATTENTION OR IN WHICH WE HAVE SOMETHING NEW TO SAY. ╞OR
EXAMPLE, SINCE THERE ARE WELL-DEVELOPED ENVIRONMENTAL AND WILDERNESS
MOVEMENTS, WE HAVE WRITTEN VERY LITTLE ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION OR THE DESTRUCTION OF WILD NATURE, EVEN THOUGH WE
CONSIDER THESE TO BE HIGHLY IMPORTANT.


╙ECTION 2: ╘╚┼ ╨╙┘├╚╧╠╧╟┘ ╧╞ ═╧─┼╥╬ ╠┼╞╘╔╙═

006. ┴LMOST EVERYONE WILL AGREE THAT WE LIVE IN A DEEPLY TROUBLED
SOCIETY. ╧NE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD MANIFESTATIONS OF THE CRAZINESS
OF OUR WORLD IS LEFTISM, SO A DISCUSSION OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LEFTISM
CAN SERVE AS AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCUSSION OF THE PROBLEMS OF
MODERN SOCIETY IN GENERAL.

007. ┬UT WHAT IS LEFTISM? ─URING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
LEFTISM COULD HAVE BEEN PRACTICALLY IDENTIFIED WITH SOCIALISM. ╘ODAY
THE MOVEMENT IS FRAGMENTED AND IT IS NOT CLEAR WHO CAN PROPERLY BE
CALLED A LEFTIST. ╫HEN WE SPEAK OF LEFTISTS IN THIS ARTICLE WE HAVE
IN MIND MAINLY SOCIALISTS, COLLECTIVISTS, "POLITICALLY CORRECT"
TYPES, FEMINISTS, GAY AND DISABILITY ACTIVISTS, ANIMAL RIGHTS
ACTIVISTS AND THE LIKE. ┬UT NOT EVERYONE WHO IS ASSOCIATED WITH ONE
OF THESE MOVEMENTS IS A LEFTIST. ╫HAT WE ARE TRYING TO GET AT IN
DISCUSSING LEFTISM IS NOT SO MUCH A MOVEMENT OR AN IDEOLOGY AS A
PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE, OR RATHER A COLLECTION OF RELATED TYPES. ╘HUS,
WHAT WE MEAN BY "LEFTISM" WILL EMERGE MORE CLEARLY IN THE COURSE OF
OUR DISCUSSION OF LEFTIST PSYCHOLOGY (ALSO, SEE PARAGRAPHS 227-230).

008. ┼VEN SO, OUR CONCEPTION OF LEFTISM WILL REMAIN A GOOD DEAL LESS
CLEAR THAN WE WOULD WISH, BUT THERE DOESN'T SEEM TO BE ANY REMEDY FOR
THIS. ┴LL WE ARE TRYING TO DO IS INDICATE IN A ROUGH AND APPROXIMATE
WAY THE TWO PSYCHOLOGICAL TENDENCIES THAT WE BELIEVE ARE THE MAIN
DRIVING FORCE OF MODERN LEFTISM. ╫E BY NO MEANS CLAIM TO BE TELLING
THE ╫╚╧╠┼ TRUTH ABOUT LEFTIST PSYCHOLOGY. ┴LSO, OUR DISCUSSION IS
MEANT TO APPLY TO MODERN LEFTISM ONLY. ╫E LEAVE OPEN THE QUESTION OF
THE EXTENT TO WHICH OUR DISCUSSION COULD BE APPLIED TO THE LEFTISTS OF
THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY.

009. ╘HE TWO PSYCHOLOGICAL TENDENCIES THAT UNDERLIE MODERN LEFTISM WE
CALL "FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY" AND "OVERSOCIALIZATION". ╞EELINGS OF
INFERIORITY ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF MODERN LEFTISM AS A WHOLE, WHILE
OVERSOCIALIZATION IS CHARACTERISTIC ONLY OF A CERTAIN SEGMENT OF
MODERN LEFTISM; BUT THIS SEGMENT IS HIGHLY INFLUENTIAL.


╙ECTION 3: ╞┼┼╠╔╬╟╙ ╧╞ ╔╬╞┼╥╔╧╥╔╘┘

010. ┬Y "FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY" WE MEAN NOT ONLY INFERIORITY FEELINGS
IN THE STRICTEST SENSE BUT A WHOLE SPECTRUM OF RELATED TRAITS: LOW
SELF-ESTEEM, FEELINGS OF POWERLESSNESS, DEPRESSIVE TENDENCIES, DEFEATISM,
GUILT, SELF-HATRED, ETC. ╫E ARGUE THAT MODERN LEFTISTS TEND TO HAVE SUCH
FEELINGS (POSSIBLY MORE OR LESS REPRESSED) AND THAT THESE FEELINGS ARE
DECISIVE IN DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF MODERN LEFTISM.

011. ╫HEN SOMEONE INTERPRETS AS DEROGATORY ALMOST ANYTHING THAT IS
SAID ABOUT HIM (OR ABOUT GROUPS WITH WHOM HE IDENTIFIES) WE CONCLUDE
THAT HE HAS INFERIORITY FEELINGS OR LOW SELF-ESTEEM. ╘HIS TENDENCY
IS PRONOUNCED AMONG MINORITY RIGHTS ADVOCATES, WHETHER OR NOT THEY
BELONG TO THE MINORITY GROUPS WHOSE RIGHTS THEY DEFEND. ╘HEY ARE
HYPERSENSITIVE ABOUT THE WORDS USED TO DESIGNATE MINORITIES. ╘HE
TERMS "NEGRO", "ORIENTAL", "HANDICAPPED" OR "CHICK" FOR AN ┴FRICAN,
AN ┴SIAN, A DISABLED PERSON OR A WOMAN ORIGINALLY HAD NO DEROGATORY
CONNOTATION. "┬ROAD" AND "CHICK" WERE MERELY THE FEMININE EQUIVALENTS
OF "GUY", "DUDE" OR "FELLOW". ╘HE NEGATIVE CONNOTATIONS HAVE BEEN
ATTACHED TO THESE TERMS BY THE ACTIVISTS THEMSELVES. ╙OME ANIMAL RIGHTS
ADVOCATES HAVE GONE SO FAR AS TO REJECT THE WORD "PET" AND INSIST ON ITS
REPLACEMENT BY "ANIMAL COMPANION". ╠EFTIST ANTHROPOLOGISTS GO TO GREAT
LENGTHS TO AVOID SAYING ANYTHING ABOUT PRIMITIVE PEOPLES THAT COULD
CONCEIVABLY BE INTERPRETED AS NEGATIVE. ╘HEY WANT TO REPLACE THE WORD
"PRIMITIVE" BY "NONLITERATE". ╘HEY SEEM ALMOST PARANOID ABOUT ANYTHING
THAT MIGHT SUGGEST THAT ANY PRIMITIVE CULTURE IS INFERIOR TO OUR OWN.
(╫E DO NOT MEAN TO IMPLY THAT PRIMITIVE CULTURES ┴╥┼ INFERIOR TO OURS.
╫E MERELY POINT OUT THE HYPERSENSITIVITY OF LEFTISH ANTHROPOLOGISTS.)

012. ╘HOSE WHO ARE MOST SENSITIVE ABOUT "POLITICALLY INCORRECT"
TERMINOLOGY ARE NOT THE AVERAGE BLACK GHETTO-DWELLER, ┴SIAN
IMMIGRANT, ABUSED WOMAN OR DISABLED PERSON, BUT A MINORITY OF
ACTIVISTS, MANY OF WHOM DO NOT EVEN BELONG TO ANY "OPPRESSED" GROUP
BUT COME FROM PRIVILEGED STRATA OF SOCIETY. ╨OLITICAL CORRECTNESS
HAS ITS STRONGHOLD AMONG UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS, WHO HAVE SECURE
EMPLOYMENT WITH COMFORTABLE SALARIES, AND THE MAJORITY OF WHOM ARE
HETEROSEXUAL, WHITE MALES FROM MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILIES.

013. ═ANY LEFTISTS HAVE AN INTENSE IDENTIFICATION WITH THE PROBLEMS
OF GROUPS THAT HAVE AN IMAGE OF BEING WEAK (WOMEN), DEFEATED
(┴MERICAN ╔NDIANS), REPELLENT (HOMOSEXUALS), OR OTHERWISE INFERIOR.
╘HE LEFTISTS THEMSELVES FEEL THAT THESE GROUPS ARE INFERIOR. ╘HEY
WOULD NEVER ADMIT IT TO THEMSELVES THAT THEY HAVE SUCH FEELINGS, BUT
IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE THEY DO SEE THESE GROUPS AS INFERIOR THAT
THEY IDENTIFY WITH THEIR PROBLEMS. (╫E DO NOT SUGGEST THAT WOMEN,
╔NDIANS, ETC., ┴╥┼ INFERIOR; WE ARE ONLY MAKING A POINT ABOUT LEFTIST
PSYCHOLOGY).

014. ╞EMINISTS ARE DESPERATELY ANXIOUS TO PROVE THAT WOMEN ARE AS STRONG
AS CAPABLE AS MEN. ├LEARLY THEY ARE NAGGED BY A FEAR THAT WOMEN MAY ╬╧╘
BE AS STRONG AND AS CAPABLE AS MEN.

015. ╠EFTISTS TEND TO HATE ANYTHING THAT HAS AN IMAGE OF BEING STRONG,
GOOD AND SUCCESSFUL. ╘HEY HATE ┴MERICA, THEY HATE ╫ESTERN CIVILIZATION,
THEY HATE WHITE MALES, THEY HATE RATIONALITY. ╘HE REASONS THAT LEFTISTS
GIVE FOR HATING THE ╫EST, ETC. CLEARLY DO NOT CORRESPOND WITH THEIR REAL
MOTIVES. ╘HEY ╙┴┘ THEY HATE THE ╫EST BECAUSE IT IS WARLIKE, IMPERIALISTIC,
SEXIST, ETHNOCENTRIC AND SO FORTH, BUT WHERE THESE SAME FAULTS APPEAR IN
SOCIALIST COUNTRIES OR IN PRIMITIVE CULTURES, THE LEFTIST FINDS EXCUSES
FOR THEM, OR AT BEST HE ╟╥╒─╟╔╬╟╠┘ ADMITS THAT THEY EXIST; WHEREAS HE
┼╬╘╚╒╙╔┴╙╘╔├┴╠╠┘ POINTS OUT (AND OFTEN GREATLY EXAGGERATES) THESE FAULTS
WHERE THEY APPEAR IN ╫ESTERN CIVILIZATION. ╘HUS IT IS CLEAR THAT THESE
FAULTS ARE NOT THE LEFTIST'S REAL MOTIVE FOR HATING ┴MERICA AND THE ╫EST.
╚E HATES ┴MERICA AND THE ╫EST BECAUSE THEY ARE STRONG AND SUCCESSFUL.

016. ╫ORDS LIKE "SELF-CONFIDENCE", "SELF-RELIANCE", "INITIATIVE",
"ENTERPRISE", "OPTIMISM", ETC. PLAY LITTLE ROLE IN THE LIBERAL AND
LEFTIST VOCABULARY. ╘HE LEFTIST IS ANTI-INDIVIDUALISTIC, PRO-COLLECTIVIST.
╚E WANTS SOCIETY TO SOLVE EVERYONE'S NEEDS FOR THEM, TAKE CARE OF THEM.
╚E IS NOT THE SORT OF PERSON WHO HAS AN INNER SENSE OF CONFIDENCE IN HIS
OWN ABILITY TO SOLVE HIS OWN PROBLEMS AND SATISFY HIS OWN NEEDS. ╘HE
LEFTIST IS ANTAGONISTIC TO THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITION BECAUSE, DEEP
INSIDE, HE FEELS LIKE A LOSER.

017. ┴RT FORMS THAT APPEAL TO MODERN LEFTIST INTELLECTUALS TEND TO
FOCUS ON SORDIDNESS, DEFEAT AND DESPAIR, OR ELSE THEY TAKE AN
ORGIASTIC TONE, THROWING OFF RATIONAL CONTROL AS IF THERE WERE NO
HOPE OF ACCOMPLISHING ANYTHING THROUGH RATIONAL CALCULATION AND ALL
THAT WAS LEFT WAS TO IMMERSE ONESELF IN THE SENSATIONS OF THE MOMENT.

018. ═ODERN LEFTIST PHILOSOPHERS TEND TO DISMISS REASON, SCIENCE,
OBJECTIVE REALITY AND TO INSIST THAT EVERYTHING IS CULTURALLY
RELATIVE. ╔T IS TRUE THAT ONE CAN ASK SERIOUS QUESTIONS ABOUT THE
FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND ABOUT HOW, IF AT ALL, THE
CONCEPT OF OBJECTIVE REALITY CAN BE DEFINED. ┬UT IT IS OBVIOUS THAT
MODERN LEFTIST PHILOSOPHERS ARE NOT SIMPLY COOL-HEADED LOGICIANS
SYSTEMATICALLY ANALYZING THE FOUNDATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE. ╘HEY ARE
DEEPLY INVOLVED EMOTIONALLY IN THEIR ATTACK ON TRUTH AND REALITY.
╘HEY ATTACK THESE CONCEPTS BECAUSE OF THEIR OWN PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS.
╞OR ONE THING, THEIR ATTACK IS AN OUTLET FOR HOSTILITY, AND, TO THE
EXTENT THAT IT IS SUCCESSFUL, IT SATISFIES THE DRIVE FOR POWER. ═ORE
IMPORTANTLY, THE LEFTIST HATES SCIENCE AND RATIONALITY BECAUSE THEY
CLASSIFY CERTAIN BELIEFS AS TRUE (I.E., SUCCESSFUL, SUPERIOR) AND
OTHER BELIEFS AS FALSE (I.E. FAILED, INFERIOR). ╘HE LEFTIST'S
FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY RUN SO DEEP THAT HE CANNOT TOLERATE ANY
CLASSIFICATION OF SOME THINGS AS SUCCESSFUL OR SUPERIOR AND OTHER
THINGS AS FAILED OR INFERIOR. ╘HIS ALSO UNDERLIES THE REJECTION BY
MANY LEFTISTS OF THE CONCEPT OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND OF THE UTILITY OF
╔╤ TESTS. ╠EFTISTS ARE ANTAGONISTIC TO GENETIC EXPLANATIONS OF HUMAN
ABILITIES OR BEHAVIOR BECAUSE SUCH EXPLANATIONS TEND TO MAKE SOME
PERSONS APPEAR SUPERIOR OR INFERIOR TO OTHERS. ╠EFTISTS PREFER TO
GIVE SOCIETY THE CREDIT OR BLAME FOR AN INDIVIDUAL'S ABILITY OR LACK
OF IT. ╘HUS IF A PERSON IS "INFERIOR" IT IS NOT HIS FAULT, BUT
SOCIETY'S, BECAUSE HE HAS NOT BEEN BROUGHT UP PROPERLY.

019. ╘HE LEFTIST IS NOT TYPICALLY THE KIND OF PERSON WHOSE FEELINGS OF
INFERIORITY MAKE HIM A BRAGGART, AN EGOTIST, A BULLY, A SELF-PROMOTER,
A RUTHLESS COMPETITOR. ╘HIS KIND OF PERSON HAS NOT WHOLLY LOST FAITH IN
HIMSELF. ╚E HAS A DEFICIT IN HIS SENSE OF POWER AND SELF-WORTH, BUT HE
CAN STILL CONCEIVE OF HIMSELF AS HAVING THE CAPACITY TO BE STRONG, AND
HIS EFFORTS TO MAKE HIMSELF STRONG PRODUCE HIS UNPLEASANT BEHAVIOR. [01]
┬UT THE LEFTIST IS TOO FAR GONE FOR THAT. ╚IS FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY
ARE SO INGRAINED THAT HE CANNOT CONCEIVE OF HIMSELF AS INDIVIDUALLY
STRONG AND VALUABLE. ╚ENCE THE COLLECTIVISM OF THE LEFTIST. ╚E CAN FEEL
STRONG ONLY AS A MEMBER OF A LARGE ORGANIZATION OR A MASS MOVEMENT WITH
WHICH HE IDENTIFIES HIMSELF.

020. ╬OTICE THE MASOCHISTIC TENDENCY OF LEFTIST TACTICS. ╠EFTISTS
PROTEST BY LYING DOWN IN FRONT OF VEHICLES, THEY INTENTIONALLY PROVOKE
POLICE OR RACISTS TO ABUSE THEM, ETC. ╘HESE TACTICS MAY OFTEN BE
EFFECTIVE, BUT MANY LEFTISTS USE THEM NOT AS A MEANS TO AN END BUT
BECAUSE THEY ╨╥┼╞┼╥ MASOCHISTIC TACTICS. ╙ELF-HATRED IS A LEFTIST
TRAIT.

021. ╠EFTISTS MAY CLAIM THAT THEIR ACTIVISM IS MOTIVATED BY COMPASSION
OR BY MORAL PRINCIPLE, AND MORAL PRINCIPLE DOES PLAY A ROLE FOR THE
LEFTIST OF THE OVERSOCIALIZED TYPE. ┬UT COMPASSION AND MORAL PRINCIPLE
CANNOT BE THE MAIN MOTIVES FOR LEFTIST ACTIVISM. ╚OSTILITY IS TOO
PROMINENT A COMPONENT OF LEFTIST BEHAVIOR; SO IS THE DRIVE FOR POWER.
═OREOVER, MUCH LEFTIST BEHAVIOR IS NOT RATIONALLY CALCULATED TO BE OF
BENEFIT TO THE PEOPLE WHOM THE LEFTISTS CLAIM TO BE TRYING TO HELP. ╞OR
EXAMPLE, IF ONE BELIEVES THAT AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IS GOOD FOR BLACK
PEOPLE, DOES IT MAKE SENSE TO DEMAND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN HOSTILE OR
DOGMATIC TERMS? ╧BVIOUSLY IT WOULD BE MORE PRODUCTIVE TO TAKE A
DIPLOMATIC AND CONCILIATORY APPROACH THAT WOULD MAKE AT LEAST VERBAL AND
SYMBOLIC CONCESSIONS TO WHITE PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
DISCRIMINATES AGAINST THEM. ┬UT LEFTIST ACTIVISTS DO NOT TAKE SUCH AN
APPROACH BECAUSE IT WOULD NOT SATISFY THEIR EMOTIONAL NEEDS. ╚ELPING
BLACK PEOPLE IS NOT THEIR REAL GOAL. ╔NSTEAD, RACE PROBLEMS SERVE AS AN
EXCUSE FOR THEM TO EXPRESS THEIR OWN HOSTILITY AND FRUSTRATED NEED FOR
POWER. ╔N DOING SO THEY ACTUALLY HARM BLACK PEOPLE, BECAUSE THE
ACTIVISTS' HOSTILE ATTITUDE TOWARD THE WHITE MAJORITY TENDS TO
INTENSIFY RACE HATRED.

022. ╔F OUR SOCIETY HAD NO SOCIAL PROBLEMS AT ALL, THE LEFTISTS WOULD
HAVE TO ╔╬╓┼╬╘ PROBLEMS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THEMSELVES WITH AN EXCUSE
FOR MAKING A FUSS.

023. ╫E EMPHASIZE THAT THE FOREGOING DOES NOT PRETEND TO BE AN
ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF EVERYONE WHO MIGHT BE CONSIDERED A LEFTIST.
╔T IS ONLY A ROUGH INDICATION OF A GENERAL TENDENCY OF LEFTISM.


╙ECTION 4: ╧╓┼╥╙╧├╔┴╠╔┌┴╘╔╧╬

024. ╨SYCHOLOGISTS USE THE TERM "SOCIALIZATION" TO DESIGNATE THE
PROCESS BY WHICH CHILDREN ARE TRAINED TO THINK AND ACT AS SOCIETY
DEMANDS. ┴ PERSON IS SAID TO BE WELL SOCIALIZED IF HE BELIEVES IN AND
OBEYS THE MORAL CODE OF HIS SOCIETY AND FITS IN WELL AS A FUNCTIONING
PART OF THAT SOCIETY. ╔T MAY SEEM SENSELESS TO SAY THAT MANY LEFTISTS
ARE OVER-SOCIALIZED, SINCE THE LEFTIST IS PERCEIVED AS A REBEL.
╬EVERTHELESS, THE POSITION CAN BE DEFENDED. ═ANY LEFTISTS ARE NOT
SUCH REBELS AS THEY SEEM.

025. ╘HE MORAL CODE OF OUR SOCIETY IS SO DEMANDING THAT NO ONE CAN
THINK, FEEL AND ACT IN A COMPLETELY MORAL WAY. ╞OR EXAMPLE, WE ARE NOT
SUPPOSED TO HATE ANYONE, YET ALMOST EVERYONE HATES SOMEBODY AT SOME
TIME OR OTHER, WHETHER HE ADMITS IT TO HIMSELF OR NOT. ╙OME PEOPLE ARE
SO HIGHLY SOCIALIZED THAT THE ATTEMPT TO THINK, FEEL AND ACT MORALLY
IMPOSES A SEVERE BURDEN ON THEM. ╔N ORDER TO AVOID FEELINGS OF GUILT,
THEY CONTINUALLY HAVE TO DECEIVE THEMSELVES ABOUT THEIR OWN MOTIVES
AND FIND MORAL EXPLANATIONS FOR FEELINGS AND ACTIONS THAT IN REALITY
HAVE A NON-MORAL ORIGIN. ╫E USE THE TERM "OVERSOCIALIZED" TO
DESCRIBE SUCH PEOPLE. [02]

026. ╧VERSOCIALIZATION CAN LEAD TO LOW SELF-ESTEEM, A SENSE OF
POWERLESSNESS, DEFEATISM, GUILT, ETC. ╧NE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
MEANS BY WHICH OUR SOCIETY SOCIALIZES CHILDREN IS BY MAKING THEM FEEL
ASHAMED OF BEHAVIOR OR SPEECH THAT IS CONTRARY TO SOCIETY'S
EXPECTATIONS. ╔F THIS IS OVERDONE, OR IF A PARTICULAR CHILD IS
ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO SUCH FEELINGS, HE ENDS BY FEELING ASHAMED
OF ╚╔═╙┼╠╞. ═OREOVER THE THOUGHT AND THE BEHAVIOR OF THE OVERSOCIALIZED
PERSON ARE MORE RESTRICTED BY SOCIETY'S EXPECTATIONS THAN ARE THOSE OF
THE LIGHTLY SOCIALIZED PERSON. ╘HE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE ENGAGE IN A
SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF NAUGHTY BEHAVIOR. ╘HEY LIE, THEY COMMIT PETTY
THEFTS, THEY BREAK TRAFFIC LAWS, THEY GOOF OFF AT WORK, THEY HATE
SOMEONE, THEY SAY SPITEFUL THINGS OR THEY USE SOME UNDERHANDED TRICK
TO GET AHEAD OF THE OTHER GUY. ╘HE OVERSOCIALIZED PERSON CANNOT DO
THESE THINGS, OR IF HE DOES DO THEM HE GENERATES IN HIMSELF A SENSE OF
SHAME AND SELF-HATRED. ╘HE OVERSOCIALIZED PERSON CANNOT EVEN EXPERIENCE,
WITHOUT GUILT, THOUGHTS OR FEELINGS THAT ARE CONTRARY TO THE ACCEPTED
MORALITY; HE CANNOT THINK "UNCLEAN" THOUGHTS. ┴ND SOCIALIZATION IS NOT
JUST A MATTER OF MORALITY; WE ARE SOCIALIZED TO CONFIRM TO MANY NORMS OF
BEHAVIOR THAT DO NOT FALL UNDER THE HEADING OF MORALITY. ╘HUS THE
OVERSOCIALIZED PERSON IS KEPT ON A PSYCHOLOGICAL LEASH AND SPENDS HIS
LIFE RUNNING ON RAILS THAT SOCIETY HAS LAID DOWN FOR HIM. ╔N MANY
OVERSOCIALIZED PEOPLE THIS RESULTS IN A SENSE OF CONSTRAINT AND
POWERLESSNESS THAT CAN BE A SEVERE HARDSHIP. ╫E SUGGEST THAT
OVERSOCIALIZATION IS AMONG THE MORE SERIOUS CRUELTIES THAT HUMAN
BEINGS INFLICT ON ONE ANOTHER.

027. ╫E ARGUE THAT A VERY IMPORTANT AND INFLUENTIAL SEGMENT OF THE
MODERN LEFT IS OVERSOCIALIZED AND THAT THEIR OVERSOCIALIZATION IS OF
GREAT IMPORTANCE IN DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF MODERN LEFTISM.
╠EFTISTS OF THE OVERSOCIALIZED TYPE TEND TO BE INTELLECTUALS OR
MEMBERS OF THE UPPER-MIDDLE CLASS. ╬OTICE THAT UNIVERSITY
INTELLECTUALS [3] CONSTITUTE THE MOST HIGHLY SOCIALIZED SEGMENT OF
OUR SOCIETY AND ALSO THE MOST LEFT-WING SEGMENT.

028. ╘HE LEFTIST OF THE OVERSOCIALIZED TYPE TRIES TO GET OFF HIS
PSYCHOLOGICAL LEASH AND ASSERT HIS AUTONOMY BY REBELLING. ┬UT USUALLY
HE IS NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO REBEL AGAINST THE MOST BASIC VALUES OF
SOCIETY. ╟ENERALLY SPEAKING, THE GOALS OF TODAY'S LEFTISTS ARE ╬╧╘
IN CONFLICT WITH THE ACCEPTED MORALITY. ╧N THE CONTRARY, THE LEFT
TAKES AN ACCEPTED MORAL PRINCIPLE, ADOPTS IT AS ITS OWN, AND THEN
ACCUSES MAINSTREAM SOCIETY OF VIOLATING THAT PRINCIPLE. ┼XAMPLES:
RACIAL EQUALITY, EQUALITY OF THE SEXES, HELPING POOR PEOPLE, PEACE AS
OPPOSED TO WAR, NONVIOLENCE GENERALLY, FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION,
KINDNESS TO ANIMALS. ═ORE FUNDAMENTALLY, THE DUTY OF THE INDIVIDUAL
TO SERVE SOCIETY AND THE DUTY OF SOCIETY TO TAKE CARE OF THE INDIVIDUAL.
┴LL THESE HAVE BEEN DEEPLY ROOTED VALUES OF OUR SOCIETY (OR AT LEAST
OF ITS MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASSES [4] FOR A LONG TIME. ╘HESE VALUES ARE
EXPLICITLY OR IMPLICITLY EXPRESSED OR PRESUPPOSED IN MOST OF THE
MATERIAL PRESENTED TO US BY THE MAINSTREAM COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA AND THE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. ╠EFTISTS, ESPECIALLY THOSE OF THE OVERSOCIALIZED
TYPE, USUALLY DO NOT REBEL AGAINST THESE PRINCIPLES BUT JUSTIFY THEIR
HOSTILITY TO SOCIETY BY CLAIMING (WITH SOME DEGREE OF TRUTH) THAT
SOCIETY IS NOT LIVING UP TO THESE PRINCIPLES.

029. ╚ERE IS AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE WAY IN WHICH THE OVERSOCIALIZED
LEFTIST SHOWS HIS REAL ATTACHMENT TO THE CONVENTIONAL ATTITUDES OF
OUR SOCIETY WHILE PRETENDING TO BE IN REBELLION AGAINST IT. ═ANY
LEFTISTS PUSH FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, FOR MOVING BLACK PEOPLE INTO
HIGH-PRESTIGE JOBS, FOR IMPROVED EDUCATION IN BLACK SCHOOLS AND MORE
MONEY FOR SUCH SCHOOLS; THE WAY OF LIFE OF THE BLACK "UNDERCLASS" THEY
REGARD AS A SOCIAL DISGRACE. ╘HEY WANT TO INTEGRATE THE BLACK MAN
INTO THE SYSTEM, MAKE HIM A BUSINESS EXECUTIVE, A LAWYER, A SCIENTIST
JUST LIKE UPPER-MIDDLE-CLASS WHITE PEOPLE. ╘HE LEFTISTS WILL REPLY
THAT THE LAST THING THEY WANT IS TO MAKE THE BLACK MAN INTO A COPY OF
THE WHITE MAN; INSTEAD, THEY WANT TO PRESERVE ┴FRICAN ┴MERICAN
CULTURE. ┬UT IN WHAT DOES THIS PRESERVATION OF ┴FRICAN ┴MERICAN
CULTURE CONSIST? ╔T CAN HARDLY CONSIST IN ANYTHING MORE THAN EATING
BLACK-STYLE FOOD, LISTENING TO BLACK-STYLE MUSIC, WEARING BLACK-STYLE
CLOTHING AND GOING TO A BLACK-STYLE CHURCH OR MOSQUE. ╔N OTHER WORDS,
IT CAN EXPRESS ITSELF ONLY IN SUPERFICIAL MATTERS. ╔N ALL ┼╙╙┼╬╘╔┴╠
RESPECTS MOST LEFTISTS OF THE OVERSOCIALIZED TYPE WANT TO MAKE THE
BLACK MAN CONFORM TO WHITE, MIDDLE-CLASS IDEALS. ╘HEY WANT TO MAKE
HIM STUDY TECHNICAL SUBJECTS, BECOME AN EXECUTIVE OR A SCIENTIST,
SPEND HIS LIFE CLIMBING THE STATUS LADDER TO PROVE THAT BLACK PEOPLE
ARE AS GOOD AS WHITE. ╘HEY WANT TO MAKE BLACK FATHERS "RESPONSIBLE",
THEY WANT BLACK GANGS TO BECOME NONVIOLENT, ETC. ┬UT THESE ARE EXACTLY
THE VALUES OF THE INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM. ╘HE SYSTEM COULDN'T
CARE LESS WHAT KIND OF MUSIC A MAN LISTENS TO, WHAT KIND OF CLOTHES HE
WEARS OR WHAT RELIGION HE BELIEVES IN AS LONG AS HE STUDIES IN SCHOOL,
HOLDS A RESPECTABLE JOB, CLIMBS THE STATUS LADDER, IS A "RESPONSIBLE"
PARENT, IS NONVIOLENT AND SO FORTH. ╔N EFFECT, HOWEVER MUCH HE MAY DENY
IT, THE OVERSOCIALIZED LEFTIST WANTS TO INTEGRATE THE BLACK MAN INTO
THE SYSTEM AND MAKE HIM ADOPT ITS VALUES.

030. ╫E CERTAINLY DO NOT CLAIM THAT LEFTISTS, EVEN OF THE
OVERSOCIALIZED TYPE, ╬┼╓┼╥ REBEL AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL VALUES OF
OUR SOCIETY. ├LEARLY THEY SOMETIMES DO. ╙OME OVERSOCIALIZED LEFTISTS
HAVE GONE SO FAR AS TO REBEL AGAINST ONE OF MODERN SOCIETY'S MOST
IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES BY ENGAGING IN PHYSICAL VIOLENCE. ┬Y THEIR
OWN ACCOUNT, VIOLENCE IS FOR THEM A FORM OF "LIBERATION". ╔N OTHER
WORDS, BY COMMITTING VIOLENCE THEY BREAK THROUGH THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
RESTRAINTS THAT HAVE BEEN TRAINED INTO THEM. ┬ECAUSE THEY ARE
OVERSOCIALIZED THESE RESTRAINTS HAVE BEEN MORE CONFINING FOR THEM
THAN FOR OTHERS; HENCE THEIR NEED TO BREAK FREE OF THEM. ┬UT THEY
USUALLY JUSTIFY THEIR REBELLION IN TERMS OF MAINSTREAM VALUES. ╔F
THEY ENGAGE IN VIOLENCE THEY CLAIM TO BE FIGHTING AGAINST RACISM OR
THE LIKE.

031. ╫E REALIZE THAT MANY OBJECTIONS COULD BE RAISED TO THE FOREGOING
THUMB-NAIL SKETCH OF LEFTIST PSYCHOLOGY. ╘HE REAL SITUATION IS COMPLEX,
AND ANYTHING LIKE A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF IT WOULD TAKE SEVERAL VOLUMES
EVEN IF THE NECESSARY DATA WERE AVAILABLE. ╫E CLAIM ONLY TO HAVE
INDICATED VERY ROUGHLY THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT TENDENCIES IN THE
PSYCHOLOGY OF MODERN LEFTISM.

032. ╘HE PROBLEMS OF THE LEFTIST ARE INDICATIVE OF THE PROBLEMS OF OUR
SOCIETY AS A WHOLE. ╠OW SELF-ESTEEM, DEPRESSIVE TENDENCIES AND
DEFEATISM ARE NOT RESTRICTED TO THE LEFT. ╘HOUGH THEY ARE ESPECIALLY
NOTICEABLE IN THE LEFT, THEY ARE WIDESPREAD IN OUR SOCIETY. ┴ND
TODAY'S SOCIETY TRIES TO SOCIALIZE US TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN ANY
PREVIOUS SOCIETY. ╫E ARE EVEN TOLD BY EXPERTS HOW TO EAT, HOW TO
EXERCISE, HOW TO MAKE LOVE, HOW TO RAISE OUR KIDS AND SO FORTH.


╙ECTION 5: ╘╚┼ ╨╧╫┼╥ ╨╥╧├┼╙╙

033. ╚UMAN BEINGS HAVE A NEED (PROBABLY BASED IN BIOLOGY) FOR
SOMETHING THAT WE WILL CALL THE "POWER PROCESS". ╘HIS IS CLOSELY
RELATED TO THE NEED FOR POWER (WHICH IS WIDELY RECOGNIZED) BUT IS NOT
QUITE THE SAME THING. ╘HE POWER PROCESS HAS FOUR ELEMENTS. ╘HE THREE
MOST CLEAR-CUT OF THESE WE CALL GOAL, EFFORT AND ATTAINMENT OF GOAL.
(┼VERYONE NEEDS TO HAVE GOALS WHOSE ATTAINMENT REQUIRES EFFORT, AND
NEEDS TO SUCCEED IN ATTAINING AT LEAST SOME OF HIS GOALS.) ╘HE FOURTH
ELEMENT IS MORE DIFFICULT TO DEFINE AND MAY NOT BE NECESSARY FOR
EVERYONE. ╫E CALL IT AUTONOMY AND WILL DISCUSS IT LATER (PARAGRAPHS
042-044).

034. ├ONSIDER THE HYPOTHETICAL CASE OF A MAN WHO CAN HAVE ANYTHING HE
WANTS JUST BY WISHING FOR IT. ╙UCH A MAN HAS POWER, BUT HE WILL
DEVELOP SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. ┴T FIRST HE WILL HAVE A LOT
OF FUN, BUT BY AND BY HE WILL BECOME ACUTELY BORED AND DEMORALIZED.
┼VENTUALLY HE MAY BECOME CLINICALLY DEPRESSED. ╚ISTORY SHOWS THAT
LEISURED ARISTOCRACIES TEND TO BECOME DECADENT. ╘HIS IS NOT TRUE OF
FIGHTING ARISTOCRACIES THAT HAVE TO STRUGGLE TO MAINTAIN THEIR
POWER. ┬UT LEISURED, SECURE ARISTOCRACIES THAT HAVE NO NEED TO EXERT
THEMSELVES USUALLY BECOME BORED, HEDONISTIC AND DEMORALIZED, EVEN
THOUGH THEY HAVE POWER. ╘HIS SHOWS THAT POWER IS NOT ENOUGH. ╧NE MUST
HAVE GOALS TOWARD WHICH TO EXERCISE ONE'S POWER.

035. ┼VERYONE HAS GOALS; IF NOTHING ELSE, TO OBTAIN THE PHYSICAL
NECESSITIES OF LIFE: FOOD, WATER AND WHATEVER CLOTHING AND SHELTER
ARE MADE NECESSARY BY THE CLIMATE. ┬UT THE LEISURED ARISTOCRAT
OBTAINS THESE THINGS WITHOUT EFFORT. ╚ENCE HIS BOREDOM AND
DEMORALIZATION.

036. ╬ONATTAINMENT OF IMPORTANT GOALS RESULTS IN DEATH IF THE GOALS
ARE PHYSICAL NECESSITIES, AND IN FRUSTRATION IF NONATTAINMENT OF THE
GOALS IS COMPATIBLE WITH SURVIVAL. ├ONSISTENT FAILURE TO ATTAIN
GOALS THROUGHOUT LIFE RESULTS IN DEFEATISM, LOW SELF-ESTEEM OR
DEPRESSION. [37] ╘HUS, IN ORDER TO AVOID SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROBLEMS, A HUMAN BEING NEEDS GOALS WHOSE ATTAINMENT REQUIRES
EFFORT, AND HE MUST HAVE A REASONABLE RATE OF SUCCESS IN ATTAINING
HIS GOALS.


╙ECTION 6: ╙╒╥╥╧╟┴╘┼ ┴├╘╔╓╔╘╔┼╙

038. ┬UT NOT EVERY LEISURED ARISTOCRAT BECOMES BORED AND DEMORALIZED.
╞OR EXAMPLE, THE EMPEROR ╚IROHITO, INSTEAD OF SINKING INTO DECADENT
HEDONISM, DEVOTED HIMSELF TO MARINE BIOLOGY, A FIELD IN WHICH HE
BECAME DISTINGUISHED. ╫HEN PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE TO EXERT THEMSELVES TO
SATISFY THEIR PHYSICAL NEEDS THEY OFTEN SET UP ARTIFICIAL GOALS FOR
THEMSELVES. ╔N MANY CASES THEY THEN PURSUE THESE GOALS WITH THE SAME
ENERGY AND EMOTIONAL INVOLVEMENT THAT THEY OTHERWISE WOULD HAVE PUT
INTO THE SEARCH FOR PHYSICAL NECESSITIES. ╘HUS THE ARISTOCRATS OF
THE ╥OMAN ┼MPIRE HAD THEIR LITERARY PRETENTIONS; MANY ┼UROPEAN
ARISTOCRATS A FEW CENTURIES AGO INVESTED TREMENDOUS TIME AND ENERGY
IN HUNTING, THOUGH THEY CERTAINLY DIDN'T NEED THE MEAT; OTHER
ARISTOCRACIES HAVE COMPETED FOR STATUS THROUGH ELABORATE DISPLAYS OF
WEALTH; AND A FEW ARISTOCRATS, LIKE ╚IROHITO, HAVE TURNED TO SCIENCE.

039. ╫E USE THE TERM "SURROGATE ACTIVITY" TO DESIGNATE AN ACTIVITY
THAT IS DIRECTED TOWARD AN ARTIFICIAL GOAL THAT PEOPLE SET UP FOR
THEMSELVES MERELY IN ORDER TO HAVE SOME GOAL TO WORK TOWARD, OR LET US
SAY, MERELY FOR THE SAKE OF THE "FULFILLMENT" THAT THEY GET FROM
PURSUING THE GOAL. ╚ERE IS A RULE OF THUMB FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF
SURROGATE ACTIVITIES. ╟IVEN A PERSON WHO DEVOTES MUCH TIME AND
ENERGY TO THE PURSUIT OF GOAL ╪, ASK YOURSELF THIS: ╔F HE HAD TO
DEVOTE MOST OF HIS TIME AND ENERGY TO SATISFYING HIS BIOLOGICAL
NEEDS, AND IF THAT EFFORT REQUIRED HIM TO USE HIS PHYSICAL AND MENTAL
FACILITIES IN A VARIED AND INTERESTING WAY, WOULD HE FEEL SERIOUSLY
DEPRIVED BECAUSE HE DID NOT ATTAIN GOAL ╪? ╔F THE ANSWER IS NO, THEN
THE PERSON'S PURSUIT OF A GOAL ╪ IS A SURROGATE ACTIVITY. ╚IROHITO'S
STUDIES IN MARINE BIOLOGY CLEARLY CONSTITUTED A SURROGATE ACTIVITY,
SINCE IT IS PRETTY CERTAIN THAT IF ╚IROHITO HAD HAD TO SPEND HIS TIME
WORKING AT INTERESTING NON-SCIENTIFIC TASKS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE
NECESSITIES OF LIFE, HE WOULD NOT HAVE FELT DEPRIVED BECAUSE HE
DIDN'T KNOW ALL ABOUT THE ANATOMY AND LIFE-CYCLES OF MARINE ANIMALS.
╧N THE OTHER HAND THE PURSUIT OF SEX AND LOVE (FOR EXAMPLE) IS NOT A
SURROGATE ACTIVITY, BECAUSE MOST PEOPLE, EVEN IF THEIR EXISTENCE
WERE OTHERWISE SATISFACTORY, WOULD FEEL DEPRIVED IF THEY PASSED
THEIR LIVES WITHOUT EVER HAVING A RELATIONSHIP WITH A MEMBER OF THE
OPPOSITE SEX. (┬UT PURSUIT OF AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF SEX, MORE THAN
ONE REALLY NEEDS, CAN BE A SURROGATE ACTIVITY.)

040. ╔N MODERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY ONLY MINIMAL EFFORT IS NECESSARY TO
SATISFY ONE'S PHYSICAL NEEDS. ╔T IS ENOUGH TO GO THROUGH A TRAINING
PROGRAM TO ACQUIRE SOME PETTY TECHNICAL SKILL, THEN COME TO WORK ON
TIME AND EXERT VERY MODEST EFFORT NEEDED TO HOLD A JOB. ╘HE ONLY
REQUIREMENTS ARE A MODERATE AMOUNT OF INTELLIGENCE, AND MOST OF ALL,
SIMPLE ╧┬┼─╔┼╬├┼. ╔F ONE HAS THOSE, SOCIETY TAKES CARE OF ONE FROM
CRADLE TO GRAVE. (┘ES, THERE IS AN UNDERCLASS THAT CANNOT TAKE
PHYSICAL NECESSITIES FOR GRANTED, BUT WE ARE SPEAKING HERE OF
MAINSTREAM SOCIETY.) ╘HUS IT IS NOT SURPRISING THAT MODERN SOCIETY
IS FULL OF SURROGATE ACTIVITIES. ╘HESE INCLUDE SCIENTIFIC WORK,
ATHLETIC ACHIEVEMENT, HUMANITARIAN WORK, ARTISTIC AND LITERARY
CREATION, CLIMBING THE CORPORATE LADDER, ACQUISITION OF MONEY AND
MATERIAL GOODS FAR BEYOND THE POINT AT WHICH THEY CEASE TO GIVE ANY
ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL SATISFACTION, AND SOCIAL ACTIVISM WHEN IT
ADDRESSES ISSUES THAT ARE NOT IMPORTANT FOR THE ACTIVIST PERSONALLY,
AS IN THE CASE OF WHITE ACTIVISTS WHO WORK FOR THE RIGHTS OF NONWHITE
MINORITIES. ╘HESE ARE NOT ALWAYS PURE SURROGATE ACTIVITIES, SINCE
FOR MANY PEOPLE THEY MAY BE MOTIVATED IN PART BY NEEDS OTHER THAN THE
NEED TO HAVE SOME GOAL TO PURSUE. ╙CIENTIFIC WORK MAY BE MOTIVATED IN
PART BY A DRIVE FOR PRESTIGE, ARTISTIC CREATION BY A NEED TO EXPRESS
FEELINGS, MILITANT SOCIAL ACTIVISM BY HOSTILITY. ┬UT FOR MOST PEOPLE
WHO PURSUE THEM, THESE ACTIVITIES ARE IN LARGE PART SURROGATE
ACTIVITIES. ╞OR EXAMPLE, THE MAJORITY OF SCIENTISTS WILL PROBABLY
AGREE THAT THE "FULFILLMENT" THEY GET FROM THEIR WORK IS MORE
IMPORTANT THAN THE MONEY AND PRESTIGE THEY EARN.

041. ╞OR MANY IF NOT MOST PEOPLE, SURROGATE ACTIVITIES ARE LESS
SATISFYING THAN THE PURSUIT OF REAL GOALS (THAT IS, GOALS THAT
PEOPLE WOULD WANT TO ATTAIN EVEN IF THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS
WERE ALREADY FULFILLED). ╧NE INDICATION OF THIS IS THE FACT THAT, IN
MANY OR MOST CASES, PEOPLE WHO ARE DEEPLY INVOLVED IN SURROGATE
ACTIVITIES ARE NEVER SATISFIED, NEVER AT REST. ╘HUS THE MONEY-MAKER
CONSTANTLY STRIVES FOR MORE AND MORE WEALTH. ╘HE SCIENTIST NO SOONER
SOLVES ONE PROBLEM THAN HE MOVES ON TO THE NEXT. ╘HE LONG-DISTANCE
RUNNER DRIVES HIMSELF TO RUN ALWAYS FARTHER AND FASTER. ═ANY PEOPLE
WHO PURSUE SURROGATE ACTIVITIES WILL SAY THAT THEY GET FAR MORE
FULFILLMENT FROM THESE ACTIVITIES THAN THEY DO FROM THE "MUNDANE"
BUSINESS OF SATISFYING THEIR BIOLOGICAL NEEDS, BUT THAT IT IS BECAUSE
IN OUR SOCIETY THE EFFORT NEEDED TO SATISFY THE BIOLOGICAL NEEDS HAS
BEEN REDUCED TO TRIVIALITY. ═ORE IMPORTANTLY, IN OUR SOCIETY PEOPLE
DO NOT SATISFY THEIR BIOLOGICAL NEEDS ┴╒╘╧╬╧═╧╒╙╠┘ BUT BY FUNCTIONING
AS PARTS OF AN IMMENSE SOCIAL MACHINE. ╔N CONTRAST, PEOPLE GENERALLY
HAVE A GREAT DEAL OF AUTONOMY IN PURSUING THEIR SURROGATE ACTIVITIES.


╙ECTION 7: ┴╒╘╧╬╧═┘

042. ┴UTONOMY AS A PART OF THE POWER PROCESS MAY NOT BE NECESSARY FOR
EVERY INDIVIDUAL. ┬UT MOST PEOPLE NEED A GREATER OR LESSER DEGREE OF
AUTONOMY IN WORKING TOWARD THEIR GOALS. ╘HEIR EFFORTS MUST BE
UNDERTAKEN ON THEIR OWN INITIATIVE AND MUST BE UNDER THEIR OWN
DIRECTION AND CONTROL. ┘ET MOST PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE TO EXERT THIS
INITIATIVE, DIRECTION AND CONTROL AS SINGLE INDIVIDUALS. ╔T IS
USUALLY ENOUGH TO ACT AS A MEMBER OF A ╙═┴╠╠ GROUP. ╘HUS IF HALF A
DOZEN PEOPLE DISCUSS A GOAL AMONG THEMSELVES AND MAKE A SUCCESSFUL
JOINT EFFORT TO ATTAIN THAT GOAL, THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS
WILL BE SERVED. ┬UT IF THEY WORK UNDER RIGID ORDERS HANDED DOWN FROM
ABOVE THAT LEAVE THEM NO ROOM FOR AUTONOMOUS DECISION AND INITIATIVE,
THEN THEIR NEED FOR THE POWER PROCESS WILL NOT BE SERVED. ╘HE SAME
IS TRUE WHEN DECISIONS ARE MADE ON A COLLECTIVE BASES IF THE GROUP
MAKING THE COLLECTIVE DECISION IS SO LARGE THAT THE ROLE OF EACH
INDIVIDUAL IS INSIGNIFICANT. [05]

043. ╔T IS TRUE THAT SOME INDIVIDUALS SEEM TO HAVE LITTLE NEED FOR
AUTONOMY. ┼ITHER THEIR DRIVE FOR POWER IS WEAK OR THEY SATISFY IT BY
IDENTIFYING THEMSELVES WITH SOME POWERFUL ORGANIZATION TO WHICH
THEY BELONG. ┴ND THEN THERE ARE UNTHINKING, ANIMAL TYPES WHO SEEM TO
BE SATISFIED WITH A PURELY PHYSICAL SENSE OF POWER (THE GOOD COMBAT
SOLDIER, WHO GETS HIS SENSE OF POWER BY DEVELOPING FIGHTING SKILLS
THAT HE IS QUITE CONTENT TO USE IN BLIND OBEDIENCE TO HIS SUPERIORS).

044. ┬UT FOR MOST PEOPLE IT IS THROUGH THE POWER PROCESS-HAVING A
GOAL, MAKING AN ┴╒╘╧╬╧═╧╒╙ EFFORT AND ATTAINING THE GOAL-THAT
SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-CONFIDENCE AND A SENSE OF POWER ARE ACQUIRED.
╫HEN ONE DOES NOT HAVE ADEQUATE OPPORTUNITY TO GO THROUGHOUT THE
POWER PROCESS THE CONSEQUENCES ARE (DEPENDING ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND
ON THE WAY THE POWER PROCESS IS DISRUPTED) BOREDOM, DEMORALIZATION,
LOW SELF-ESTEEM, INFERIORITY FEELINGS, DEFEATISM, DEPRESSION,
ANXIETY, GUILT, FRUSTRATION, HOSTILITY, SPOUSE OR CHILD ABUSE,
INSATIABLE HEDONISM, ABNORMAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SLEEP DISORDERS,
EATING DISORDERS, ETC. [06]

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